3D printing for the preservation of monuments

One of nine portals - as a representation of ethereal jerusalem

The 3DION 3D network, together with its partner voxeljet, one of the leading manufacturers of 3D printing systems, implemented a prestige project for Cologne Cathedral. Replicas for the patrons of the Michael portal were produced in collaboration with, and with the excellent support of, voxeljet. The Michael portal is one of nine portals with a total of twelve doors, based on the gates of ethereal Jerusalem from the Apocalypse, in the image of which the cathedral was created.

On 21 August 2015, the Zentral-Dombau-Verein (central cathedral building society) and the Kölner Dombauhütte (Cologne cathedral workshop) invited around 100 benefactors, who had become patrons of the restoration of the Michael portal, to attend a mass with cathedral provost Gerd Bachner in the inner choir, followed by a small celebration in the stone restoration workshop of the cathedral workshop. It was to thank all of the patrons for their generous commitment to the restoration of the portal, which was heavily damaged by the war and weathering.

The cleaning of the tympanum relief, which shows scenes of Christ’s appearance at Lake Tiberias after the resurrection to the apostle synod of Jerusalem, has been completed, with stone and mortar to be added. As a special thank you, all patrons received high-quality 3D prints of those reliefs and sculptures whose restoration they had financed. They also received a certificate and a “patron's letter” in the form of a catalog volume, which presents the history and restoration of the portal and all of its figures in text form and with photos. In his welcome speech, the president of the Zentral-Dombau-Verein (ZDV), Michael H. G. Hoffmann, thanked the benefactors for supporting the restoration works. "The Zentral-Dombau-Verein", says Hoffmann, "is very pleased and proud of the great commitment of its members to the maintenance of Cologne Cathedral." The deputy master builder of the cathedral, Peter Füssenich, noted that "the maintenance of a work of generations like Cologne Cathedral would not be possible without the great commitment of the Zentral-Dombau-Verein and the love that so many people have for the cathedral."

The cathedral provost, the association president and the deputy master builder expressed their special thanks to Thomas Meurers from 3DION for the consulting services and the planning and Dr. Ingo Ederer, Florian Rauscher and Emil Nigl from voxeljet for creating the replicas and for their generous sponsorship.

THE PRODUCTION OF THE REPLICAS

3DION convinced the former master builder Michael Hauck, his deputy Peter Füssenich and ZDV president Michael H. G. Hoffmann with the recommendation to have replicas of the figures made by voxeljet, since their material most closely corresponds to the haptic experience of sandstone. The Southern German company is one of the world’s leading providers of industrial 3D printing technology. With its own service center, voxeljet offers the on-demand manufacture of sand molds and plastic models for many different industries around the world.

First, the figures in the portal and the existing plaster templates from the 19th century were scanned using a Steinbichler 3D scanner. An Artec Spider scanner was used for the flaws on the plaster models. Afterwards, the data was scaled and coordinated by Cologne-based service provider 3D Scanworks.

In the last step, all 108 replicas were printed on the basis of the CAD data in just one weekend. Using the 3D layer building method, all scenes of the tympanum relief were produced using the VX1000 3D printer (build space: 1000 x 600 x 500 mm) in just 31 hours.

PMMA powder (polymethyl methacrylate, a synthetic, transparent thermoplastic) was used as a carrier material to achieve the desired haptic experience of sandstone. To protect the replicas, they were cleaned and then infiltrated and impregnated with epoxy resin.

COLOGNE CATHEDRAL: AN ARCHITECTURAL MASTERPIECE, HISTORIC MONUMENT, TOURIST ATTRACTION AND WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE

Cologne Cathedral, an architectural masterpiece, is an important monument whose fame reaches far beyond the borders of Cologne, the Rhineland and Germany. It is also an important place of pilgrimage, a world heritage site, an outstanding historic monument and a tourist attraction.

With a height of 157 meters, it was the world's highest building when it was completed in 1880, and today it is the world's third-highest church building. It took over 600 years to build and attracts more than 6 million visitors a year. As a result, the cathedral is one of the most-visited monuments in Germany.

Information about the Metropolitan Chapter of Cologne Cathedral: Cathedral workshop – stone restoration workshop

Maintaining a Gothic cathedral of this size poses an enormous challenge. In recent years, the building budget for maintenance was six to seven million Euros a year. About 60 percent of the funds come from the Zentral-Dombau-Verein (ZDV). The association has existed since 1842 and already played a major role in completing the construction of the cathedral in the 19th century. Maintaining Cologne Cathedral would not be possible without the ZDV's enormous commitment.

Of the 100 employees, approximately 80 craftsmen work on maintaining the cathedral. Stonemasons and stone sculptors make up the largest group of the cathedral workshop, which also includes carpenters, metal workers, blacksmiths, glaziers, glass painters, glass restorers, painters, goldsmiths, roofers, electricians, scaffolding builders and stone restorers. The 20 remaining employees work in the science department with archaeologists and art historians and also in administration. Everybody works hand in hand to ensure that no damages are overlooked. Many people have already worked here since their apprenticeship days and are therefore in a good position to use their extensive experience at this special workplace.

“The cathedral without scaffolding would not be the ideal but rather the worst scenario. It would mean that we can no longer afford to maintain the cathedral and that weathering-related damage processes would progress unchecked,” says Barbara Schock-Werner, the former master builder.

Further Information:

Information about voxeljet

voxeljet’s 3D printers are used in a wide range of applications, including the automotive, aviation, aerospace, machine building, ship building and heavy industries. However, 3D printing is also becoming increasingly popular in architecture, film and art. For example, the company printed a true-to-detail model of the legendary Aston Martin DB5 at a scale of 1:3 for the James Bond Skyfall film, so that the valuable original model would not be damaged.

Information about 3DION

This initiative was created to assist the steadily growing number of interested individuals from a variety of industries to implement the vision of three-dimensional printing, which is known as rapid prototyping, rapid manufacturing and rapid tooling or generative manufacturing. 3DION provides services to manufacturers, service providers, dealers and users alike and also offers training, free information events, advisory services in the B2B and B2C segments as well as the 3DION website and social media activities. Business members also have the option of participating in trade fairs as part of the 3DION stands. The initiative is a valuable resource for those looking to network and use the 3DION services. 3DION looks forward to meeting interested individuals from the 2D and 3D print world.

For publication: Contacts and Information

http://www.dombau-koeln.de; http://www.zdv.de; http://www.3dion.org; http://www.rgf.de/de/dombau.html