Three Major Liquid Cooling Technologies for AI Data Center Thermal Management

Cold Plate's 65% Share, Immersion's 200kW Racks: Comparing the Three Liquid Cooling Routes

Three liquid cooling technologies—cold plate, immersion and spray—cover AI data center thermal management, cutting PUE below 1.05 and saving over 30% power for racks above 130kW. China's liquid cooling server market will hit 35.9 billion RMB in 2025 with 72.4% annual growth. Cold plate cooling dominates with 65% domestic share, enabling easy server retrofits at PUE below 1.25. Immersion cooling submerges hardware in dielectric liquid, lifting rack density to 100-200kW with phase-change models delivering PUE below 1.1 while eliminating fans and extra air conditioning. Spray cooling targets chips directly but faces maturity limits from liquid splashing risks. EXTRCOOL provides one-stop liquid cooling solutions.

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Area 51, NV, USA

EXTRCOOL INDUSTRY LIMITED

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The CDU, the Heart and Brain Liquid Cooling Cannot Do Without

Silent When Healthy, Fatal When Failing: The Five Selection Questions That Decide Whether the CDU Holds the Loop Together

The CDU plays the role the heart plays: it produces no cold, but without it the coolant never moves. Its heart role pumps and distributes via the manifold, while its brain role senses and controls. Selection answers five questions: total flow above all cold plate minimums, head above maximum loop resistance, exchanger capacity above peak load with fouling margin, redunda...

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The Manifold That Decides Where the Coolant Goes

From CDU to Cold Plate and Back: How the Manifold's Flow Distribution, Not Total Flow, Decides Precision Cooling

Rising AI GPU power is moving liquid cooling from whether it can cool to cooling precisely, and the manifold decides whether coolant reaches every position as it should. It distributes coolant through main channels to parallel branches and collects the heated return, following CDU to supply manifold to cold plate to return manifold to CDU. Poor design lets near-end branc...

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How a Liquid Cooling Manifold Gets Made, from Material to Final Acceptance

316L to Helium Testing: The Four Links—Material, Machining, Cleanliness and Verification—That Decide Manifold Quality

Manifold manufacturing starts with material, and 316L is the safer default, with coolant compatibility outweighing thermal conductivity. CNC machining forms main channels, branches and interface holes, where holding channel positions matters more than drilling; one-piece machining avoids weld deformation, while tube and plate assemblies add laser, TIG or brazing. Deburri...

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