AI High-Density Computing Drives Full Upgrading of Data Center HVAC and Liquid Cooling Systems

1800W Chips, PUE 1.3 Mandates and Four Cooling Layers: Why HVAC Became Data Center Core Competitiveness

NVIDIA's Vera Rubin architecture pushes single-chip TDP to 1800W and rack power density from 20kW to 70-132kW, far beyond air cooling's 40kW ceiling, while NDRC mandates maximum PUE of 1.3 for new large-scale data centers and Beijing's 2026 tiered electricity pricing targets facilities above 1.35. Modern HVAC spans four layers—magnetic-levitation chillers with IPLV above 10, terminals from CRAH to CDUs, and AI control—while DeepMind's algorithm cut cooling energy 40%. Liquid cooling becomes mandatory above 40kW, with plate cooling absorbing 60-80% of server heat, immersion supporting 100kW+ racks and hybrid air-liquid architectures the most practical route. EXTRCOOL provides one-stop liquid cooling solutions.

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Area 51, NV, USA

EXTRCOOL INDUSTRY LIMITED

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The CDU, the Heart and Brain Liquid Cooling Cannot Do Without

Silent When Healthy, Fatal When Failing: The Five Selection Questions That Decide Whether the CDU Holds the Loop Together

The CDU plays the role the heart plays: it produces no cold, but without it the coolant never moves. Its heart role pumps and distributes via the manifold, while its brain role senses and controls. Selection answers five questions: total flow above all cold plate minimums, head above maximum loop resistance, exchanger capacity above peak load with fouling margin, redunda...

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The Manifold That Decides Where the Coolant Goes

From CDU to Cold Plate and Back: How the Manifold's Flow Distribution, Not Total Flow, Decides Precision Cooling

Rising AI GPU power is moving liquid cooling from whether it can cool to cooling precisely, and the manifold decides whether coolant reaches every position as it should. It distributes coolant through main channels to parallel branches and collects the heated return, following CDU to supply manifold to cold plate to return manifold to CDU. Poor design lets near-end branc...

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How a Liquid Cooling Manifold Gets Made, from Material to Final Acceptance

316L to Helium Testing: The Four Links—Material, Machining, Cleanliness and Verification—That Decide Manifold Quality

Manifold manufacturing starts with material, and 316L is the safer default, with coolant compatibility outweighing thermal conductivity. CNC machining forms main channels, branches and interface holes, where holding channel positions matters more than drilling; one-piece machining avoids weld deformation, while tube and plate assemblies add laser, TIG or brazing. Deburri...

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water cooling system

coolant system

CDU-L2L

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