Laser manufacturing technology according to the influence size range of laser beam on processing objects

1.Laser macro manufacturing technology

(1) Definition: Laser macro-manufacturing technology generally refers to the processing process in which the influence of the laser beam on the processing object ranges from a few millimeters to several tens of millimeters.

(2) Main process methods: Laser macro-manufacturing technology includes laser surface engineering (including laser surface treatment, laser body quenching, laser spraying, laser vapor deposition and laser shock hardening, etc., laser marking is also classified in laser surface treatment), Main process methods such as laser welding, laser cutting, and laser additive manufacturing.

2. Laser micromachining technology

(1) Definition: Laser micromachining technology generally refers to the processing process in which the influence of the laser beam on the processing object ranges from nanometers to submicrometers.

(2) Main process methods: Laser micro-nano fabrication technology includes main process methods such as laser precision cutting, laser precision drilling, laser ablation and laser cleaning.

3. Laser micro-nano manufacturing technology

(1) Definition: Laser micro-nano manufacturing technology generally refers to the processing process in which the influence of laser beam on the processing object ranges from nanometers to submicrometers.

(2) Main process methods: Laser micro-nano fabrication technologies include femtosecond laser direct writing, two-photon polymerization, thousand-way lithography, laser-induced surface nanostructures and other main process methods. Nanoscale materials have a series of excellent properties that macroscale materials do not have. There are many ways to prepare nanomaterials, among which ultrafast laser micro-nano fabrication has become a popular direction for preparing nanostructured materials by laser means.

Ultrafast lasers generally refer to picosecond and femtosecond lasers with pulse widths shorter than 10 ps. Ultrafast lasers have extremely narrow pulse widths, extremely high energy density, and extremely short interaction times with materials. It will produce a mechanism that is almost completely different from conventional laser processing, enabling sub-micron and nano-scale manufacturing, ultra-high-precision manufacturing and full-material manufacturing.

Laser additive manufacturing and ultrafast laser micro-nano manufacturing are two hotspots in the field of laser manufacturing technology at present and in the future, and have been included in the national key R&D plan of "Additive Manufacturing and Laser Manufacturing".