#Product Trends
Organically Bound Chloride Determination through Oxidative Combustion Microcoulometry
For decades, the presence of Organically Bound Chloride has been a relevant parameter for refinery and petrochemical processes. The challenges in recent years for the instrumental determination of chloride, have been the increasing need of a matrix i
The Importance of Monitoring Organic Chloride Content
Refineries convert crude oil into all kinds of petroleum products varying from fuels up to the residual bitumen. Presence of chloride in crude oil may result in catalyst poisoning and corrosion of process units which have a negative impact on the profitability as well as the reliability and safety of the refinery. Chlorides in the refining process are difficult to control, especially the organic chlorides. They cause various forms of corrosion at different temperatures and pressure levels, downstream of the distillation unit. Besides the corrosive effects, chloride also deteriorates the quality of the final product.
How to Detect (Organic) Chloride Components?
There are multiple international standards that specifically focus on the analysis of (organic) chloride, often expressed as Total Chloride (TX), in crude oil, intermediates and final products of the refining unit. Oxidative combustion microcoulometry is the benchmark technique to which multiple international standards refer. One of the benefits of oxidative combustion microcoulometry is that all (organic) chloride components are converted to hydrochloric acid (HCl). The most popular international standard to measure the organic chloride content are: ASTM D4929, UOP 779 and ASTM D5808. The table below demonstrates the capabilities of TE Instruments’ XPLORER-TX while analyzing samples according to these international standards.
| Sample | International Standard | Sample amount | Concentration | RSD (%) n=5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum Naphtha | ASTM D4929 | 100 µL | 0.26 mg/L | 2.82 |
| Engine Oil | UOP 779 | 30 µL | 50.78 mg/L | 0.39 |
| Base Oil | UOP 779 | 30 µL | 74.50 mg/L | 0.54 |
| Diesel | UOP 779 | 100 µL | 0.19 mg/L | 2.43 |
| Ethylbenzene | ASTM D5808 | 100 µL | 65.03 µg/L | 7.85 |
| Toluene | ASTM D5808 | 100 µL | 58.15 µg/L | 4.10 |
| Refined Naphtha | ASTM D5808 | 100 µL | 56.06 µg/L | 6.75 |
Oxidative Combustion Microcoulometry Compared with other Techniques
Recently, XRF related techniques present themselves as alternatives to measure chloride in petroleum products. When compared, we notice that microcoulometric detection has numerous benefits:
• Microcoulometric titration can be applied to a much wider range of sample types, including liquids, solids, gas and LPG.
• Microcoulometry is not affected by the matrix and inhomogeneity of the sample. This can be seen as a major issue for XRF technique.
• Microcoulometry is an absolute detection technique. All (organic) chloride components are converted to hydrochloric acid (HCl). The XPLORER-TX achieves a 100% recovery. Therefore, calibration of the XPLORER-TX can be done but is not even necessary.
• Sulfur is another harmful component which is commonly present in petroleum products. Microcoulometry does not experience interferences of sulfur to the chloride signal. No sulfur analysis or dilution required prior to chloride analysis.
• The measuring range of the XPLORER-TX (0.025 mg/L – 1000 mg/L), makes it the most versatile analyzer for the analysis of chloride. Measuring samples in the sub-ppm range is impossible for most XRF techniques.
• At ppb level, the performance of the XPLORER-TX is unrivaled within the industry.
Petroleum Naphtha – 0.26 mg/L TX - Peak Overlay
