Degrees of freedom Some multi-axis systems can have six degrees of freedom and seven (or more) axes of motion. This article explains the difference between “axes of motion” and “degrees of freedom,” and why it matters. Cartesian versus polar coordinate systems In linear motion, we typically use the Cartesian coordinate system, but some applications — particularly thos...
Many of the same issues keep coming up, in one form or another. So, we have decided to put together a whitepaper that addresses the most common requests for information and explanation. This is particularly topical because there is a lot of confusion resulting from recent changes in key international standards. The whitepaper starts by explaining what is meant by sol...
Solid waste shredder is widely used in all kinds of solid waste applications, and with the actual demand for different situations, single shaft shredder, double shaft shredder, four shaft shredder, primary shredder, and mobile shredder have been continuously developed. We make a simple introduction to single shaft shredder, helping our customers to learn more about our p...
We outline the top five points that engineers, maintenance technicians and service providers should consider when replacing linear profile rail systems. When a linear system has reached the end of its useful life, often the easiest thing to do is to replace it with a like-for-like linear system from the original equipment supplier (OE-fitted brand). However, this may n...
We have been designing adequate pulsation dampeners for all uses since 1974, improving them in a continuous effort to meet our customer’s requirements. These are some of the reasons to use our products: ■ We make pulsation dampeners to suppress high frequency pulses (up to 50 Hz, tested by our customers), eliminating all kinds of noise. ■ We make effective and t...
What is an Off Load Tap changer? Tap changers are devices used in order to maintain a constant voltage in a transformer or to maintain within the prescribed limits. An Off-load tap changer allows regulation of output voltage and through changes of taps in the transformer thanks to a control head. As the name suggest this type of changer requires that no load is connect...
In solar energy there are a number of international standards to consider when it comes to PV plant operation and maintenance. Some of these also apply in the earlier phases of design, procurement and construction. The standards and levels selected for a solar project also influence the products required to monitor solar irradiance and environmental conditions. To help ...
Especially in the Industrial Internet-of-Things or IIoT environment, where reliable and secure hardware is becoming increasingly important, more and more (networked) devices have to function faultlessly even in critical, sometimes remote environments. Failures could have significant and direct negative consequences, sometimes on entire companies. Specially developed for ...
Turkey’s burgeoning advanced technology market and its advantageous geographic location between Europe and Asia has made the country an important manufacturing and distribution hub. According to Turkey’s Industrial Automation Association (ENOSAD), the country’s leading manufacturing organization, the industrial automation market in Turkey was valued at $1.6 billion in 2...
What Is The Difference Between A Hydraulic Bolt Tensioner And A Hydraulic Wrench? Hydraulic tensioners and hydraulic wrenches are both important tools for pre- tightening and disassembling bolts. They are widely used in construction, maintenance, and emergency repairs in shipping, petrochemical, construction, electric power, mining, metallurgy and other industries. They ...
Earthing is a fundamental step in any electrical system installation. Its proper installation also depends on the proper functioning and safety of equipment and people, as it protects against potential differences that can be dangerous in both cases. Why it is so vital, how to set up a project correctly and what regulations must be followed to install the earthing system...
Motors produce torque and rotation through the interaction of magnetic fields in the rotor and the stator. In an ideal motor — with mechanical components that are perfectly machined and assembled and electrical fields that build and decay instantaneously — torque output would be perfectly smooth, with no variations. But in the real world, there are a variety of factors t...
Motors in a stalled condition may be prone to overheating and possible damage if the current flowing under these conditions becomes higher than the maximum continuous rating. The purpose of this document is to explain which parameters contribute to the tolerance and variation of the stall torque value of a brushless DC motor. HOW TO CALCULATE THE STALL TORQUE? Go read ...
What Is Hydraulic Torque/Tensioner Pump? Hydraulic torque pump is the power unit of a hydraulic wrench. Hydraulic tensioner pump is the power unit of a bolt tensioner. It is an energy conversion device that converts mechanical energy into fluid pressure energy, and is an energy device that provides pressure oil to the hydraulic transmission system. It is driven by the en...
The most common move profiles for linear motion systems are trapezoidal and triangular. In a trapezoidal move profile, the system accelerates from zero to its maximum speed, travels at that speed for a specified time (or distance), and then decelerates to zero. Conversely, the triangular move profile accelerates from zero to maximum speed and then immediately decelerates...
This in turn leads to a heavier and bulkier tool that reduces surgeon precision and increases fatigue. This paper explains how to minimize the size of the motor required for an application while balancing tradeoffs in other design parameters. As brushless DC motors (BLDC) are very popular for surgical tools due to high power density and high reliability, this paper is fo...
The hidden costs of production are not always obvious. However, they are cumulative, so it’s important for food and bakery plant owners to regularly comb through their processes, whether they’re in regards to employee training, the supply chain, production, or post-production.
Speaking of aluminum alloys, everyone is not unfamiliar, and it can be seen everywhere in life; but aluminum enclosure may be heard less often, so what are aluminum alloy case? Today we will talk about it. What's Aluminum alloy Aluminum alloy is an alloy based on aluminum with a certain amount of other alloying elements added. It is one of the light metal materials. In ...
Heat sink case is an essential part of a computer system. It dissipates heat from the electronic components of the computer system and keep them in a safe condition. It helps in improving the performance and durability of the electronic components. Heat sink is used to cool down the electronic components that generate high amount of heat. These electronic components are ...
Backlash: The enemy of linear systems Backlash is caused by clearance, or play, between mating parts, which introduces a dead band when the direction of travel is reversed. In the dead band, no movement occurs until the clearance between mating parts is eliminated. Components that typically experience backlash include ball screws, lead screws, belt and pulley systems, ...
If you’re building a rack mount server, there are SO MANY options… and it can be very difficult to decide which case is right for you. This guide will help you sort through all the choices and make a decision that is going to be right for your needs… and give your budget a much-needed boost. Your aluminum case is one of the most important parts of your server. It protec...
There are numerous methods and processes available for post processing industrially manufactured metal components, with various advantages and drawbacks depending on the size, geometry, material and finishing requirements. We look at four well-established processes on the market for finishing gear wheels and assess them in terms of health and safety, environmental impact...
Designers of motion systems often face challenges when selecting or developing electronics using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to drive brushless DC motors. It is useful to keep in mind some basic physical phenomena to avoid unexpected performance issues. This document provides general guidelines when using a PWM driver with a Portescap brushless DC motor. PWM has many a...
This article is focused on the stepper motors which is a type of brushless DC motor with a high number of poles. This technology is generally driven in open loop without any feedback sensor, meaning the current is typically applied on the phases without knowing the rotor position. The rotor moves to be aligned with the stator magnetic flux, then the current can be suppli...
Electrical hazards can cause electrification (or electrocution) as well as burns with serious injuries or even amputations. Working on electrical installations exposes you to the risk of an electric arc. The thermal impact of an arc depends not only on the voltage level (LV/HV) but also on the incident electrical energy (cal/cm²). Effective and appropriate personal prote...
The presence of uncontrolled quantities of air in water systems can seriously affect their performance, causing inefficient filling and draining procedures and flow reduction, while increasing energy costs. It also disrupts the operation of some of the system’s components. On the other hand, air is essential in dealing with vacuum conditions and pressure surges. Effecti...
In August of 1933, R.O. Monroe and L.D. Goff, in conjunction with a local mill, designed and built the first rotary joint. It was a device that eliminated the problems associated with stuffing boxes and packing glands and allowed the water or steam to be introduced in a much more economical method
Check valves are used in many applications to control the flow of gases or liquids using varying mechanisms. Vacuum systems and small-bore, low-pressure systems often incorporate diaphragm check valves to prevent reverse flow and the risks associated with it. This blog post will discuss the types of diaphragm check valves and how they work. WHAT ARE DIAPHRAGM CHECK VALV...
Dry hopping has developed from being just a trend in recent years, especially in aspiring breweries from the craft beer scene, to an established technique in the entire brewing industry. Rhinegeist Brewery—located in an area called Over-the-Rhine in Cinncinati, Ohio—has undergone a huge development from 11,000 barrels a year in 2015 to more than 100,000 barrels a year in...
Quite often, customer will ask, which rating of MCB or RCDs to be chosen to protect the surge protective devices (SPD)? The answer is simple: we do not know. The fact is that different MCB has different tripping force, different designed tripping mechanism has different moving contact and static contact and their arc running systems are also different. Some 20A MCB ...
Fiber Collimators of Daheng Optics Facing the ever-increasing market demand, Daheng New Epoch Technology Inc. (“Daheng Optics”) has developed a series of high-precision fiber collimators and fiber couplers of enhanced collimation performance, filling the blank of integrated coupling lenses in earlier days. Here is a brief introduction of the products. GCX-L series tripl...
<< Comprehensive surface topography of both surface flatness and roughness without contact with TopMap from Polytec >> Conventional machining processes generate three main components of surface topography, which are classified according to their causes. The first component is “roughness and irregularities”, that are inherent in production processes, left by machining (e...
MicroLEDs continue to demonstrate performance advantages for displays, ushering in a new generation of backlit and direct-view illumination technology. These inorganic emissive elements offer many benefits over other display technologies including high brightness and contrast, wide color gamut, longevity, and high pixel density. However, challenges associated with fabric...
Induction coil design has a major impact on your part quality, process efficiency, and manufacturing costs. We have assembled this 28-page brochure to help you get the best performance from your induction heating system. This brochure provides a guide for everything you need to design the optimal coil for your part and process. Get your copy and read about the scie...
Vibrational spectroscopy is a well-established, powerful tool for polymer characterization. In this application note, we’ll explore how aqueous based water-soluble polymers(10-20% solids) can be rapidly and easily measured using the i-Raman EX portable Raman spectrometer.
With the growth of microplastics research in recent years, it has become crucial to expand the capabilities of research laboratories to routinely analyze the chemical composition of candidate microplastics from environmental samples. Spectroscopic techniques are critical as they can confirm manual microplastic designation through polymer identification. In this applicati...
