1. General Description 362kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is a high-voltage compact switchgear system used in transmission substations for switching, protection, and control of electrical power networks. It integrates circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing switches, current transformers (CT), voltage transformers (VT/CVT), busbars, and cable/line termination units i...
12kV Indoor Voltage Transformer (VT), also known as a Potential Transformer (PT), is an instrument transformer designed to accurately step down medium-voltage system voltages (up to 12 kV) to standardized low voltages (typically 100 V, 110 V, or √3-based values) for metering, protection, and monitoring in indoor switchgear. Main Functions Voltage Measurement: Supplies a...
245kV Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT), also known as a Capacitive Voltage Transformer or Capacitor Potential Transformer (CPT), is an extra-high-voltage (EHV) instrument transformer used in 220kV-class transmission systems to reduce high system voltage to standardized low-voltage outputs for metering, protection, control, synchronization, and power system automation....
145kV Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT), also known as a Capacitive Voltage Transformer or Capacitor Potential Transformer (CPT), is an extra-high-voltage instrument transformer used in 132kV/145kV-class transmission systems to reduce high system voltage to standardized low-voltage outputs for metering, protection, control, synchronization, and automation systems. A C...
36kV Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT), also called a Capacitive Voltage Transformer or Capacitor Potential Transformer (CPT), is a voltage instrument transformer that uses a capacitive voltage divider combined with an electromagnetic transformer unit to reduce medium-voltage system voltage to standardized low-voltage outputs for metering, protection, control, and comm...
245kV Inductive Voltage Transformer (IVT), also known as a Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT), is an extra-high-voltage (EHV) instrument transformer designed to accurately reduce system voltages up to 245 kV to standardized low-voltage values for metering, protection, monitoring, and control. It provides electrical isolation between the high-voltage t...
145kV Inductive Voltage Transformer (IVT), also referred to as a Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT), is a high-voltage instrument transformer used to accurately step down transmission voltages up to 145 kV to standardized low-voltage values for metering, protection, monitoring, and control. It provides electrical isolation between the high-voltage pow...
72.5kV Inductive Voltage Transformer (IVT), also known as a Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT), is a high-voltage instrument transformer designed to accurately reduce system voltages up to 72.5 kV to standardized low-voltage values for metering, protection, monitoring, and control. It provides electrical isolation between the high-voltage power networ...
36kV Inductive Voltage Transformer (IVT), also called a Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT), is an instrument transformer designed to accurately reduce medium-voltage system voltages (up to 36 kV) to a standardized low voltage (typically 100 V, 110 V, or √3-based secondary voltages) for metering, protection, and control equipment. Working Principle A...
36 kV Current Transformer (Outdoor Type) is a medium-voltage instrument transformer designed for 36 kV power systems, commonly used on 33 kV distribution and sub-transmission networks. It is installed in outdoor substations, switchyards, and pole-mounted or ground-mounted structures to convert high primary current into a standardized secondary current (typically 1 A or 5...
123 kV Current Transformer (Top-core Type) is a high-voltage outdoor instrument transformer designed for 123 kV systems (typically used on 110 kV transmission networks). It converts high primary current into a standardized secondary current (typically 1 A or 5 A) for metering, protection, monitoring, and control while providing complete electrical isolation between the h...
72.5 kV Current Transformer (Top-core Type) is a high-voltage outdoor instrument transformer designed for 72.5 kV systems (commonly used on 66 kV transmission and sub-transmission networks). It accurately transforms high primary current into a standardized secondary current (typically 1 A or 5 A) for metering, protection, monitoring, and control while providing complete ...
245 kV Current Transformer (Hair-pin Type) is an extra-high-voltage (EHV) outdoor instrument transformer used in 220 kV and 245 kV air-insulated substations (AIS). It converts high primary currents into standardized secondary currents (1 A or 5 A) for protection, metering, monitoring, and control while providing complete electrical isolation between the high-voltage prim...
123 kV Current Transformer (Hair-pin Type) is a high-voltage instrument transformer used in 110 kV and 123 kV air-insulated substations (AIS) to accurately transform high primary currents into standardized secondary currents (typically 1 A or 5 A) for protection, metering, control, and monitoring. The hair-pin type uses an integral U-shaped primary conductor that forms a...
72.5 kV Current Transformer (Hair-pin Type) is a high-voltage instrument transformer used in transmission and sub-transmission substations to accurately measure high primary currents and provide isolated secondary currents for protection, metering, monitoring, and control. The hair-pin type incorporates a single U-shaped (hair-pin) primary conductor that passes through t...
Horizontal Knee Disconnector (Horizontal Knee Break Isolator) is a high-voltage disconnector used in air-insulated substations (AIS) to provide a visible isolation point for maintenance and operational safety. It employs a hinged knee-joint mechanism that folds horizontally during operation, making it suitable for substations where vertical clearance is limited. Working...
Vertical Knee Disconnector (Vertical Knee Break Isolator) is a high-voltage disconnector used in outdoor substations to provide visible electrical isolation of equipment after the associated circuit breaker has interrupted the current. It features a hinged "knee" joint that folds upward or downward during operation, making it suitable for substations where horizontal spa...
Double Break Disconnector (Double Break Isolator) is a high-voltage switching device used in transmission and distribution substations to isolate electrical equipment after the associated circuit breaker has interrupted the current. It creates two visible air gaps when opened, providing higher insulation performance than a center break disconnector. Working Principle A ...
Center Break Disconnector (Center Break Isolator) is a high-voltage switching device used in substations to isolate electrical equipment from the power system after the circuit has been de-energized. Unlike a circuit breaker, it cannot interrupt load current or fault current. Its purpose is to provide a visible isolation gap for maintenance and safety. Working Principle...
Indoor Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) is a medium-voltage switching device that uses vacuum interrupters to interrupt normal load currents and fault currents within indoor electrical distribution systems. Because the arc is extinguished inside a sealed vacuum bottle, VCBs provide high reliability, long service life, and very low maintenance. Indoor VCBs are commonly insta...
Dead Tank Circuit Breaker (DTC) is a high-voltage outdoor circuit breaker in which the interrupter tank is at ground potential (earth potential). The energized conductors enter the grounded metal tank through insulated bushings, and the interruption of current takes place inside the grounded enclosure. Dead tank circuit breakers are widely used in transmission and distr...
Live Tank Circuit Breaker is a high-voltage outdoor circuit breaker in which the interrupter chamber (tank) is at the same electrical potential as the energized conductor (line voltage). The interrupter is mounted on an insulated support column, isolating it from the grounded structure below. Live tank circuit breakers are widely used in transmission substations because...
Vacuum Pressure Impregnated (VPI) Dry Type Transformer is a dry-type transformer in which the windings are impregnated with insulating polyester or epoxy varnish under vacuum and pressure, then cured in an oven. Unlike cast resin transformers, the windings are not fully encapsulated in solid epoxy resin, resulting in better heat dissipation, lighter weight, and improved ...
Hydraulic cylinders, known for high force at an affordable cost, have been widely used in factory automation equipment and other special automation equipment for decades. Hydraulics are rugged, relatively simple to deploy and provide a low cost per unit of force. In recent years, electric rod actuators (servo cylinders) have become more flexible, precise and reliable wit...
1. General Description 245kV Hybrid Gas Insulated Switchgear (HGIS) is an extra-high-voltage switching system that combines the compactness and reliability of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) with the flexibility and lower investment cost of Air Insulated Switchgear (AIS). In a 245kV HGIS system, major primary equipment such as the circuit breaker, disconnectors, earthin...
126kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is a high-voltage switchgear system designed for 110kV class transmission networks. It uses SF6 gas or environmentally friendly alternative insulating gases as the insulation medium and integrates primary equipment such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, and busbars into ...
72.5kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) is a compact high-voltage switchgear system that uses insulating gas (commonly SF6 or modern alternative gases) to provide electrical insulation and arc interruption in substations. It integrates major primary equipment such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing switches, current transformers, voltage transformers, and busbars...
Polymer Line Post Insulator is a composite electrical insulator designed to support and electrically isolate overhead conductors in medium- and high-voltage distribution and transmission systems. It uses a fiberglass-reinforced polymer core with a silicone rubber housing and is mounted directly on poles or crossarms to provide mechanical support and insulation. Compared...
Polymer Housing Arrester, also known as a Polymer Surge Arrester or Polymer Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOA), is a protective device used in electrical power systems to protect transformers, switchgear, cables, transmission lines, and other electrical equipment from lightning surges and switching overvoltages. Unlike traditional porcelain arresters, polymer arresters us...
36kV Outdoor Voltage Transformer (VT), also known as an Outdoor Potential Transformer (PT), is an instrument transformer designed to accurately transform medium-voltage system voltages up to 36 kV into standardized low-voltage signals for metering, protection, monitoring, and automation systems. It is designed for outdoor installation in substations, switchyards, and dis...
12kV Outdoor Voltage Transformer (VT), also known as an Outdoor Potential Transformer (PT), is an instrument transformer designed to step down medium-voltage system voltages up to 12 kV into standardized low-voltage outputs for metering, protection, monitoring, and control. It is specifically engineered for outdoor installation, with weather-resistant insulation and encl...
36kV Indoor Voltage Transformer (VT), also known as an Indoor Potential Transformer (PT), is an instrument transformer designed to accurately step down medium-voltage system voltages up to 36 kV into standardized low-voltage outputs for metering, protection, monitoring, and control. These transformers are widely installed in indoor metal-clad switchgear, substations, and...
Earthing Transformer, commonly known as a Zig-Zag Transformer, is a special-purpose transformer used to provide a neutral point for grounding in three-phase, three-wire power systems that do not have an accessible neutral. It creates an artificial neutral, allowing the system neutral to be connected directly to earth or through a grounding impedance such as a Neutral Gro...
Traction Transformer is a specialized transformer designed to supply electrical power to railway electrification systems, including electric locomotives, metro systems, light rail, and high-speed rail networks. It converts utility-grid voltage to the voltage required by railway traction systems and is engineered to withstand frequent load fluctuations, short-circuit even...
Rectifier Transformer is a specially designed transformer that supplies AC power to a rectifier system, which converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). Unlike conventional power transformers, rectifier transformers are engineered to withstand harmonic currents, DC bias, unbalanced loading, and severe thermal stresses associated with rectifier operation....
Epoxy Resin Cast (CRT) Dry Type Transformer, also known as a Cast Resin Transformer, is a dry-type transformer in which the high-voltage (HV) windings are encapsulated in epoxy resin under vacuum, while the low-voltage (LV) windings are typically vacuum-pressure impregnated (VPI) or resin-coated. Because the windings are completely enclosed in solid insulation, no insula...
